Psychologia – the birth of a new scientific context
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چکیده
When we look at an ordinary textbook of history of psychology, we read that the history of the discipline begins in the 19th century, usually with Wundt – sometimes with Fechner, seldom with Herbar; and that before that there was the long philosophical past, Bacon, Descartes, and Locke. Sometimes we find some mention of the Greek philosophy, but between Aristotle and the philosophers of the 16th century we have only the dark. In my opinion, things are different. Beginning with the last quarter of the 16th century, psychology defines itself as a distinct field of scientific knowledge, as a branch of the physics, apt to study not only the lower parts of the soul (vegetative and sensitive), but also the higher ones (intellective soul), reserved in the scholastic tradition to metaphysics. This happened in a specific field of the philosophical inquiry, the Ramism, with Freigius (1575). He printed the word psychologia as the label of this new domain of knowledge for the first time. (The work of the very first creator of the term psychologia, the Dalmatian Marcus Marulus, was lost, and we don’t know anything about it.) Freigius’ enterprise was successful mainly in medicine, but was almost completely ignored in philosophy by the above mentioned great scholars of the inquiry upon mind and soul, and arrived along a parallel path to the 18th century, when Christian Wolff (1732), with his Psychologia empirica, established the basis of the scientific psychology. The aim of this paper is to cast some light on this path which was until know almost completely ignored by the historians of our discipline.
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تاریخ انتشار 2014